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从句类型

句子按从句来分可以分为两种。

独立从句 (Independent Clause)

定义

独立从句是可以独立存在的句子部分,包含一个主语和一个谓语,并表达一个完整的思想。独立从句不依赖其他句子部分,可以单独构成一个完整的句子。

示例

  • 例子:I read a book.
    • 解释:这是一个独立从句,包含主谓宾,表达一个完整的思想。

从属从句 (Dependent Clause)

定义

从属从句(也称为依附从句)不能独立存在,必须附属于一个独立从句。它们提供附加信息,但不表达完整的思想。从属从句需要依赖于独立从句来完成其意义。

从属从句的类型

从属从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或状语从句。它们根据在句子中的功能和引导词的不同分类。

名词从句 (Noun Clause)

定义

名词从句在句子中起名词的作用,可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

常见引导词
  • that, whether, if
  • 疑问词:what, who, which, when, where, why, how
用途

名词从句用于提供句子的主要信息,常用于陈述、疑问或感叹。

示例
  • 作为主语:What he said is true.
    • 解释:从句 "What he said" 作为句子的主语。
  • 作为宾语:I don't know where she lives.
    • 解释:从句 "where she lives" 作为动词 "know" 的宾语。
  • 作为表语:The problem is that we don't have enough time.
    • 解释:从句 "that we don't have enough time" 作为表语。
  • 作为同位语:The fact that he is late is surprising.
    • 解释:从句 "that he is late" 作为名词 "fact" 的同位语。

形容词从句 (Adjective Clause)

定义

形容词从句在句子中起形容词的作用,用来修饰名词或代词,通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。

常见引导词
  • 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that
  • 关系副词:when, where, why
用途

形容词从句用于提供关于名词或代词的额外信息,使句子更具体和详细。

示例
  • 修饰名词:The book that you lent me is interesting.
    • 解释:从句 "that you lent me" 修饰名词 "book"。
  • 修饰代词:She is the one who helped me.
    • 解释:从句 "who helped me" 修饰代词 "one"。

状语从句 (Adverb Clause)

定义

状语从句在句子中起状语的作用,用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,通常表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、对比等。

常见引导词
  • 时间:when, while, as, before, after, since, until
  • 原因:because, since, as
  • 条件:if, unless, provided (that)
  • 目的:so that, in order that
  • 结果:so...that, such...that
  • 对比:although, though, even though, whereas
用途

状语从句用于提供关于动作或状态的附加信息,如时间、原因、条件等,使句子更完整和具体。

示例
  • 时间:She cried when she heard the news.
    • 解释:从句 "when she heard the news" 表示时间。
  • 原因:I stayed home because it was raining.
    • 解释:从句 "because it was raining" 表示原因。
  • 条件:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
    • 解释:从句 "If you study hard" 表示条件。
  • 目的:He works hard so that he can provide for his family.
    • 解释:从句 "so that he can provide for his family" 表示目的。
  • 结果:The box was so heavy that I couldn't lift it.
    • 解释:从句 "that I couldn't lift it" 表示结果。
  • 对比:Although it was raining, we went out.
    • 解释:从句 "Although it was raining" 表示对比。

独立从句和从属从句的关系

在一个复杂句或并列复合句中,独立从句和从属从句经常一起出现。独立从句表达主要思想,而从属从句提供附加信息,使句子更详细和具体。

示例

  • 复合句:I read a book because it was interesting.

    • 独立从句:I read a book
    • 从属从句:because it was interesting
    • 解释:独立从句表达主要思想,从属从句提供原因。
  • 并列复合句:I read a book, and she watched a movie because it was raining.

    • 独立从句1:I read a book
    • 并列连词:and
    • 独立从句2:she watched a movie
    • 从属从句:because it was raining
    • 解释:两个独立从句通过并列连词连接,其中一个独立从句包含一个从属从句,表达多个相关思想。

总结

  • 独立从句:可以独立存在,表达完整思想。
  • 从属从句:不能独立存在,需要依赖独立从句,提供附加信息。
  • 从属从句的类型
    • 名词从句:在句中起名词作用。
    • 形容词从句:修饰名词或代词。
    • 状语从句:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、原因、条件等。