现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous)

现在完成进行时用于描述从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在（有时也可能持续到将来）的动作或状态，并且这个动作或状态在说话时仍在进行或刚刚结束，强调动作的持续性或过程。

语法形式

现在完成进行时的结构是：主语 + have/has + been + 动词的现在分词 (V-ing)

肯定句：主语 + have/has + been + 动词的现在分词
- I have been working.
- She has been studying.
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词的现在分词
- I have not been working.
- She has not been studying.
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词的现在分词？
- Have you been working?
- Has she been studying?

应用场景

现在完成进行时用于强调动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续。它通常用来表示动作的持续时间和动作对现在的影响。

1. 动作从过去持续到现在

用于强调动作从过去某一时刻开始并持续到现在。

示例：

I have been reading this book for two hours. (我已经读这本书两个小时了。)
They have been living here since 2010. (他们自2010年以来一直住在这里。)

2. 表示动作的重复性

用于强调某个动作在一段时间内反复发生。

示例：

She has been calling you all day. (她一整天都在给你打电话。)
We have been meeting regularly to discuss the project. (我们一直定期开会讨论这个项目。)

3. 动作的影响

用于强调刚刚完成的动作对现在的影响，通常用来解释当前的情况或状态。

示例：

I'm tired because I have been working all day. (我很累，因为我一整天都在工作。)
The ground is wet because it has been raining. (地面湿了，因为一直在下雨。)

4. 动作的持续性和结果

用于描述动作的持续性以及该动作的结果对现在的影响。

示例：

He has been studying hard, so he is well-prepared for the exam. (他一直在努力学习，所以他为考试做好了充分的准备。)
They have been playing football, and now they are exhausted. (他们一直在踢足球，现在他们累坏了。)

例句

肯定句：

I have been learning English for five years. (我已经学习英语五年了。)
She has been working at this company since she graduated. (她自毕业以来一直在这家公司工作。)

否定句：

I have not been feeling well lately. (我最近感觉不太好。)
He has not been sleeping well these days. (他最近睡得不好。)

疑问句：

Have you been exercising regularly? (你有定期锻炼吗？)
Has he been working on the project? (他一直在做这个项目吗？)

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

现在完成时和现在完成进行时都是描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，但它们的侧重点和结构不同。

现在完成时 (Present Perfect)

现在完成时的结构是 "have/has" + 动词的过去分词。这种时态强调的是动作的结果或动作的完成。

示例：

"I have finished my homework."（我已经完成了我的作业。）——这句话强调的是作业已经完成这个结果。

注意： 在这种时态中，我们通常不使用 "been"，除非动词是 "be"。