情态动词can、may、must的用法
1. can的用法
(1) can表示主语的能力。如:
The hall can seat 1,000 people. 这个大厅能坐1000人。
Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?
(2) can表示说话人的猜测(即可能性),多用于否定句和疑问句。如:
Can it be true? 这能是真的吗?
The moon can't always be at the full. 月不可能总是圆的。
What can she mean? 她可能是什么意思呢?
(3) can表示许可。如:
This sort of thing can't go on. 这样的事不能再继续下去了。
You can't smoke here. 你不可在这里吸烟。
(4) “can+完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的猜测(只用于否定和疑问结构中)。如:
He can't have missed the way. I explained the route carefully and drew him a map.
他不会迷路。我对他详细说明了路线,还画了一张地图。
Can the team have left already? 球队已经离开了吗?
2. could的用法
(1) could 表示主语的能力,为 can 的过去时形式,如:
Daisy couldn't come yesterday because she was ill.
戴西昨天不能来是因为她病了。
They said they could swim. 他们说他们 会游泳。
(2) could 表示说话人的猜测(即可能性)。如:
He could be right. 他或许是对的。
Could it be Henry? 可能是亨利吗?
At that time we thought the story could not be true.
那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。
(3) could表示许可。如:
Father said I could swim in the river.
爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
Could I help you? 我能帮忙吗? (比 Can I help you? 婉转)
The man asked if he could smoke in the hall.
那个人问可不可以在大厅里吸烟。
(4) “could+完成式”用于肯定句时一般表示过去可能完成却未完成的动作。如:
I could have reported you. 我本可以报告你的。
You could have let me know earlier. 你本来该早一些告诉我。
3. may的用法
(1) may表示许可,多用于肯定句和疑问句中,否定句中不常用。如:
May I ask you a question?
我可以问你个问题吗?(比Can I ask you a question?更礼貌)
You may keep the book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两周。
(2) may表示可能性,常用于肯定句和否定句中,指现在或将来的可能性。如:
It may be true. 那可能是真的。
The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。
(3) “may+完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的猜测。如:
Eva may have missed her train. 伊娃可能误火车了。
He may have read the book. 他可能读过这本书。
(4) may as well(=might as well)是一个习语,作“不妨”或“完全有理由”或“还是……的好”解,用于提出建议。如:
You may as well stay where you are. 你还是原地呆着好。
All the pubs are closing.We may as well go home.
所有的酒馆都打烊了。我们还是回家吧。
在对由may引出的“请求许可”的问句做出肯定回答时,通常不用过于严肃和正式的“Yes, you may.”,而多用“Yes, please?(请便)”或“Of course/ Certainly(当然可以).”;否定回答时,常用 “Please don't(请不要).”或“No, you mustn't(不行).”
4. might的用法
(1) might表示许可。如:
Might I have a word with you? 我可以同你说句话吗?
Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提一项建议吗?
Might we ask you a favour? 我们可以请你帮个忙吗?
但要注意:Might I...比May I...更客气,但是不如May I...常用。
(2) might表示说话人的猜测,其把握性比may小。如:
Mr Smith might be right. 史密斯先生或许是对的。
He might have some fever. 他可能有点发烧。
(3) might用于委婉地提出建议、责备等。如:
You might ask him for help. 你可以请他帮忙嘛。
You might ask before you borrow my car.
你可以先问问我再借我的车嘛。