省略
省略(Elliptical Sentences)是将句子中一个或多个成分省去,避免重复,使语言简练紧凑的一种语法手段,在英语中,凡是能省去的词语通常都应省去,省略后的结果不仅能使句子更加精炼,而且还可起到连接上下文使相邻词语受到强调的作用。
1. 简单句中的省略
(1). 省略主语
通常多用在祈使句或口语中的固定表述中
Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 Have a good time. 愿你过得愉快。 Hurry up! 快一点! Haven't seen you for ages. 好久不见了。
(2).省略谓语或谓语的一部分
(Does) Anybody need help? 谁要帮忙吗?
(Is there)Anything you want? 你要什么东西吗?
Who (comes) next? 该谁了?
(3).省略主语和谓语的一部分
(Do you) Understand? (你)明白吗?
(Come) This way, please. 请这边走。
(I am) Afraid I can't come. 恐怕不能来了。
(4).同时省略多种句子成分
Diana likes reading better than going to parties.(than后省掉了she likes)
黛安娜爱读书而不爱去参加聚会。
You are a college student, aren't you? (=aren't you a college student?)
你是一名大学生,不是吗?
Has she gone or not?(= Has she gone or has she not gone?)
她走了没有?
2. 并列句中的省略
(1).当并列的主语相同时,后面的主语被省略
The car was quite old but (it) was in excellent condition.
这部车相当旧了,但机器性能还非常好。
They shook hands and (they) began to talk at once.
他们握了手后立刻开始谈话。
(2).当并列的谓语动词相同时,动词(包括助动词、不定式等)可省略
Reading makes a full man; conference (makes) a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实;讨论使人机智;写作使人准确。
Some of us study French, others (study) German.
我们中有的学法语,有的学德语。
(3).省略动词宾语和介词宾语
Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash (the dishes) and you dry (the dishes).
我们洗碗吧,我来洗碗,你来把碗弄干。
(4).省略定语
A group of young boys and (young) girls are dancing on the meadow below the hill.
一群少男少女在山下的草地上跳舞。
(5).省略状语
He was not hurt. (How) Strange!
他没有受伤。真奇怪!
(6).省略多种句子成分
We tried to help her but (we tried) in vain.
我们想法子帮他,但没用。
Kate is easy in conversation and (she is) graceful in manner.
凯特谈吐从容,举止优雅。
3. 名词性从句中的省略
(1). 在wh-从句中的省略。
He came to see me once, but I don't remember when (he came to see me).
他曾经来看过我,但我忘了是什么时候了。
Somebody has taken away my dictionary by mistake, but I don't know who (has taken my dictionary).
有人错拿了我的词典,但我不知道是谁。
You were late again,and I hope you will explain why (you were late again).
你又迟到了,我希望你能解释一下为什么。
(2). 引导宾语、主语、表语从句的连词that通常可以省略。
It is a pity (that) he can't come.
遗憾的是他不能来。