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过去分词的结构

1. 过去分词独立结构

过去分词有时可有其独立主语,二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中,常用作状语,用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如:

He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)

This done, we went home.

做完此事,我们就回家了。(表时间)

All our savings gone, the couple started looking for jobs.

积蓄全部用完了,这对夫妻就开始找工作。(表原因)

That point settled, the speaker went on to the next one.

那个问题讲完了,演讲人继续讲下一个问题。(表时间)

2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构

With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan.

每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。

With different methods used, different results are obtained.

采用不同的方法,得到不同的结果。

She went angrily away without a word spoken.

她一个字也没说,就生气地走了。

3. 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语

(1) 过去分词(短语)在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语,这些词语有:
have 让,使      keep 使处于某状态      get 使得 
see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现
feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使
want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意
observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态

如:

The work left him exhausted.

这个活使得他筋疲力尽。

The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.

看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。

The tenant found the house renovated.

房客看到房子已整修过了。

It's better to leave some things unsaid.

有些事倒是不说的好。

I don't want my name linked with him.

我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。

The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.

当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。

(2) 过去分词(短语)在使役动词 get 或 have 之后作宾语补足语,表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如:

I had my car repaired.

我把我的车修好了。(别人修的)

I had my hair cut.

我理发了。(别人给我理的)

We must get the television set repaired.

我们必须把电视机修好。(被别人修)

He had his window broken to pieces.

他的窗户给打破了。(被他人打破)