人称代词

主格人称代词
作用：主句或从句中做主语
She is my daughter.
It was he who helped me when I was in trouble.
顺序： you, he and I ； We, you and they（I总是 放在最后）

表示泛指的主格代词
one：任何人，包括说话人
One is knocking at the door.(错误，说话人不算，所以不能用one)
Somebody is knocking at the door.
One后面使用的代词，美国一般用he，him，himself，his.
We/You/They 可以表示泛指：人们
They say = People say or It is said
They say it is going to be a cold winter.

she(her)的拟人化：表示country, motherland, moon, earth, ship.
The ship lost most of her rigging in the storm

宾格人称代词
作用：做宾语（也可做表语）
I like her.
Who is it? It’s me.
注意：做表语时，后面跟定语从句时，需要用主格人称代词。
It was he in whom we had the greatest faith(he在从句中做介词宾语)
主格和宾格人称代词可以做同位语：
We teachers should be patient with students.
Our teachers are all nice to us students.

做宾语时的位置
直接宾语前： He bought me a pen as birthday gift.
直接宾语后：He bought a pen for me as a birthday gift ; I’ve lent much monery to him.
若直接宾语是人称代词，只能置后，但是不适用于不定代词：
I will give it to you.
I‘ll show you something ; I didn’t give Rex any.
在短语动词中间：Hand them in ; throw it away ; pick it up.
若是名词，则中间和后边都可：hand your papers in = hand in your papers.

物主代词(名词性&形容词性)
作用：人称代词的所有格形式，表所有关系。

形容词性：不能单独使用： Your book is over there ; His sister is lovely.
表强调时后+own：I wish I had my own house.

名词性：单独使用；避免重复：This is not my book. Mine(=my book) is in my bog.
of + 名词性物主代词： a friend of mine ; a teacher of hers= a teacher of her own.

反身代词
必须主语宾语为同一人时，做宾语：God helps those who help themselves.
强调主语：
He himself went to visit the old lady(他亲自去看望那个老太太的)
不产生歧义下可置后：
He went to visit the old lady himself.
He spoke to the boss himself.（有歧义）
强调宾语：反身代词在宾语后
He saw Tom himself(他看到Tom本人了)
I will send this gift to John himself(给john本人，不是通过转交)
介词+反身动词
（1）by oneself：独自一人地
I went there by myself(我自己一个人去了那里)
I went there myself(我亲自去了那)
（2）of oneself：自动地
The door opened of itself(门自动地开了)