句子简化

名词从句
逻辑思路：从句--->动名词or不定式
that引导的主语从句：动名词当主语
e.g. It surprised us that John won the marathon.
John’s winning the marthon suprised us.
that引导的同谓语从句：+ of 变成复合结构
e.g. There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive.
There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive.
that引导的宾语从句：转换动名词or不定式(取决于主句谓语动词)
e.g. a. I hope that I can drive to work in my own car.
I hope to drive to work in my own car.
b. I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future.
I consider emigrating to America in the future.
c. Jane’s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
Jane’s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
名词从句不定式简化：
e.g. a. I don’t know what I should do.
I don’t know what to do.
b. Tell me how I can get to the bus station.
Tell me how to get to the bus station.

定语从句
逻辑思路：从句--->短语(只有关系词做主语时可简化)
从句有be动词：去掉be动词and关系代词
主动：现在分词；被动：过去分词；形容词短语也可
e.g. a. The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher.
The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.
* b. Books that are written in English are more expensive.*
Books written in English are more expensive.
c. The people who were responsible for the incident were all punished.
The people responsible for the indident were all punished.
从句没有be动词：去掉关系代词；动词--->现在分词
e.g. a. They live in a room that faces the south.
They live in a room facing the south.
b. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
不定式替换：the only，the last，the next，序数词，最高级修饰的名词
e.g. a. The only one that understands me.
The only one to understand me.
b. The next train that arrives is from New York.
The next train to arrive is from New York.
c. Jango was the second person that fell into this trap.
Jango was the second person to fall into this trap.
状语从句
注意：主句从句的主语相同时，才可以简化。
有be动词：去掉be动词(常见：时间，地点，条件，让步)
主动：现在分词；被动：过去分词；形容词or名词短语也可
e.g. a. Metals expand when heated and contract when (they are) cooled.
b. When (he was) a student in the university, he read a lot.
c. while (he was) waitting, he took out a magazine to read.
d. A tiger can’t be tamed unless (it is) caught very young.
没有be动词：从句主语省略，动词变成现在分词
e.g. a. Since I came to Beijing, I have made many new friends.
Since coming to Beijing, I have made many new friends.
b. After I finished my homework, I fed the dog.
After finishing my homework, I fed the dog.
c. After he jumped out of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark.
After jumping out of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark.