6.4. 常见词根词缀
英文的词根大多来自拉丁语；而常用词缀，包括前缀和后缀 —— 它们都是表意的。
6.4.1. 常见前缀
- un- (not, opposite of)
- unhappy ʌnˈhæp.i
- unknown ʌnˈnoʊn
- unusual ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl
- re- (again, back)
- redo riːˈduː
- review rɪˈvjuː
- return rɪˈtɝːn
- in- (not, into)
- incomplete ˌɪn.kəmˈpliːt
- invisible ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl
- inside ɪnˈsaɪd
- dis- (not, opposite of)
- disagree ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː
- disappear ˌdɪs.əˈpɪr
- disconnect ˌdɪs.kəˈnekt
- pre- (before)
- preview ˈpriː.vjuː
- predict prɪˈdɪkt
- preschool ˈpriː.skuːl
- mis- (wrongly)
- misunderstand ˌmɪs.ʌn.dɚˈstænd
- misplace ˌmɪsˈpleɪs
- mislead ˌmɪsˈliːd
- non- (not)
- nonstick ˌnɑːnˈstɪk
- nonprofit nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt
- nonviolent ˌnɑːnˈvaɪə.lənt
- over- (too much)
- overeat ˌoʊ.vɚˈiːt
- overwork ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɝːk
- overheat ˌoʊ.vɚˈhiːt
- sub- (under)
- submarine ˌsʌb.məˈriːn
- subtitle ˈsʌbˌtaɪ.t̬əl
- subconscious ˌsʌbˈkɑːn.ʃəs
- inter- (between, among)
- international ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈnæʃ.ən.əl
- interact ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈækt
- interrupt ˌɪn.t̬əˈrʌpt
- trans- (across, beyond)
- transport ˈtræn.spɔːrt
- transfer ˈtræns.fɝː
- transform trænsˈfɔːrm
- under- (too little, below)
- underpaid ˌʌn.dɚˈpeɪd
- underestimate ˌʌn.dɚˈes.tə.meɪt
- underground ˌʌn.dɚˈɡraʊnd
- super- (above, beyond)
- superhuman ˌsuː.pɚˈhjuː.mən
- supermarket ˈsuː.pɚˌmɑːr.kɪt
- supervisor ˈsuː.pɚ.vaɪ.zɚ
- semi- (half, partly)
- semicircle ˈsem.iˌsɝː.kəl
- semifinal ˌsem.iˈfaɪ.nəl
- semiconscious ˌsem.aɪ.ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
- anti- (against)
- antibiotic ˌæn.t̬i.baɪˈɑː.t̬ɪk
- antifreeze ˈæn.t̬i.friːz
- antisocial ˌæn.t̬iˈsoʊ.ʃəl
- de- (down, away from)
- devalue ˌdiːˈvæl.juː
- defrost ˌdiːˈfrɑːst
- decode diːˈkoʊd
- en- (make, put into)
- enable ɪˈneɪ.bəl
- enrich ɪnˈrɪtʃ
- encourage ɪnˈkɝː.ɪdʒ
- em- (cause to)
- empower -ˈpaʊr
- embrace ɪmˈbreɪs
- employ ɪmˈplɔɪ
- non- (not)
- nonexistent ˌnɑn·ɪɡˈzɪs·tənt
- nonsense ˈnɑːn.sens
- nonprofit nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt
- mid- (middle)
- midnight ˈmɪd.naɪt
- midterm ˈmɪd.tɝːm
- midfield ˈmɪd.fiːld
6.4.2. 常见后缀
- -able (capable of)
- readable ˈriː.də.bəl
- manageable ˈmæn.ə.dʒə.bəl
- comfortable ˈkʌm.fɚ.t̬ə.bəl
- -ible (capable of)
- visible ˈvɪz.ə.bəl
- flexible ˈflek.sə.bəl
- edible ˈed.ə.bəl
- -al (relating to)
- natural ˈnætʃ.ɚ.əl
- musical ˈmjuː.zɪ.kəl
- personal ˈpɝː.sən.əl
- -ful (full of)
- helpful ˈhelp.fəl
- joyful ˈdʒɔɪ.fəl
- careful ˈker.fəl
- -less (without)
- hopeless ˈhoʊp.ləs
- fearless ˈfɪr.ləs
- endless ˈend.ləs
- -ly (in the manner of)
- quickly ˈkwɪk.li
- slowly ˈsloʊ.li
- happily ˈhæp.əl.i
- -ment (action or process)
- development dɪˈvel.əp.mənt
- agreement əˈɡriː.mənt
- improvement ɪmˈpruːv.mənt
- -ness (state or quality)
- kindness ˈkaɪnd.nəs
- darkness ˈdɑːrk.nəs
- happiness ˈhæp.i.nəs
- -er (one who, comparative)
- teacher ˈtiː.tʃɚ
- runner ˈrʌn.ɚ
- faster fæst
- -or (one who)
- actor ˈæk.tɚ
- inventor ɪnˈven.t̬ɚ
- conductor kənˈd ʌk.tɚ
- -ist (one who practices)
- artist ˈɑːr.t̬ɪst
- scientist ˈsaɪən.tɪst
- pianist ˈpiː.ən.ɪst
- -ion (action or condition)
- celebration ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən
- decision dɪˈsɪʒ.ən
- creation kriˈeɪ.ʃən
- -tion (action or condition)
- education ˌedʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən
- suggestion səˈdʒes.tʃən
- transportation ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən
- -sion (state or condition)
- admission ədˈmɪʃ.ən
- confusion kənˈfjuː.ʒən
- extension ɪkˈsten.ʃən
- -ous (full of)
- dangerous ˈdeɪn.dʒɚ.əs
- nervous ˈnɝː.vəs
- famous ˈfeɪ.məs
- -ive (tending to)
- active ˈæk.tɪv
- creative kriˈeɪ.t̬ɪv
- attractive əˈtræk.tɪv
- -ic (relating to)
- artistic ɑːrˈtɪs.tɪk
- athletic æθˈlet̬.ɪk
- energetic ˌen.ɚˈdʒet̬.ɪk
- -ity (state or quality)
- reality riˈæl.ə.t̬i
- ability əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i
- simplicity sɪmˈplɪs.ə.t̬i
- -ance (state or quality)
- performance pɚˈfɔːr.məns
- importance ɪmˈpɔːr.təns
- acceptance əkˈsep.təns
- -ence (state or quality)
- difference ˈdɪf.ɚ.əns
- independence ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dəns
- existence ɪɡˈzɪs.təns
6.4.3. 常见词根
- aqua (water)
- aquarium əˈkwer.i.əm
- aquatic əˈkwæt̬.ɪk
- aqueduct ˈæk.wə.dʌkt
- aud (hear)
- audience ˈɑː.di.əns
- audio ˈɑː.di.oʊ
- audition ɑːˈdɪʃ.ən
- bene (good, well)
- benefit ˈben.ə.fɪt
- benevolent bəˈnev.əl.ənt
- benefactor ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ
- cent (hundred)
- century ˈsen.tʃər.i
- percent pɚˈsent
- centennial senˈten.i.əl
- dict (say, speak)
- dictionary ˈdɪk.ʃən.er.i
- predict prɪˈdɪkt
- dictate ˈdɪk.teɪt
- duc (lead)
- conduct kənˈdʌkt
- produce prəˈduːs
- reduce rɪˈduːs
- fract (break)
- fracture ˈfræk.tʃɚ
- fraction ˈfræk.ʃən
- infraction ɪnˈfræk.ʃən
- ject (throw)
- project ˈprɑː.dʒekt
- inject ɪnˈdʒekt
- reject rɪˈdʒekt
- jud (judge)
- judicial dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əl
- prejudice ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs
- judgment ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt
- mal (bad, ill)
- malnutrition ˌmæl.nuːˈtrɪʃ.ən
- malicious məˈlɪʃ.əs
- malfunction ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən
- mater (mother)
- maternal məˈtɝː.nəl
- maternity məˈtɝː.nə.t̬i
- matriarch ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑːrk
- mit (send)
- transmit trænsˈmɪt
- admit ədˈmɪt
- submit səbˈmɪt
- mort (death)
- mortal ˈmɔːr.t̬əl
- mortician mɔːrˈtɪʃ.ən
- mortify ˈmɔːr.t̬ ə.faɪ
- multi (many)
- multiple ˈmʌl.tə.pəl
- multiply ˈmʌl.tə.plaɪ
- multinational ˌmʌl.t̬iˈnæʃ.ən.əl
- pend (hang, weigh)
- pendant ˈpen.dənt
- suspend səˈspend
- depend dɪˈpend
- port (carry)
- transport ˈtræn.spɔːrt
- export ˈek.spɔːrt
- import ˈɪm.pɔːrt
- scrib/script (write)
- describe dɪˈskraɪb
- manuscript ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt
- subscription səbˈskrɪp.ʃən
- sect/sec (cut)
- section ˈsek.ʃən
- dissect daɪˈsekt
- intersect ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈsekt
- sent/sens (feel)
- sensation senˈseɪ.ʃən
- sensitive ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv
- consent kənˈsent
- spec/spect (look)
- inspect ɪnˈspekt
- spectator spekˈteɪ.t̬ɚ
- spectacle ˈspek.tə.kəl
- struct (build)
- construct kənˈstrʌkt
- structure ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ
- destruct ˌself.dɪˈstrʌkt
- tele (far)
- telephone ˈtel.ə.foʊn
- television ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən
- telegraph ˈtel.ə.ɡræf
- terra (earth)
- terrestrial təˈres.tri.əl
- territory ˈter.ə.tɔːr.i
- terrain təˈreɪn
- vac (empty)
- vacant ˈveɪ.kənt
- vacuum ˈvæk.juːm
- evacuate ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt
- vid/vis (see)
- video ˈvɪd.i.oʊ
- vision ˈvɪʒ.ən
- invisible ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl